The Contingency Era: Early 1960s to Present.
Even before the behavior approach´s lack of success in explaining and predicting leadership effectiveness became evident, a number of researchers were calling for a more comprehensive approach to understanding leadership. Specifically, researchers recommended that situational factors, such as the task and type of work group, be taken into consideration.
The primary assumption of the contingency view is that the personality, style, or behavior of effective leaders depends on the requirements of the situation in which leaders find themselves. Additionally, this approach suggests the following:
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There is no one best way to lead.
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The situation and the various relevant contextual factors determine which style or behavior is most effective.
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People can learn to become good leaders.
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Leadership makes a difference in the effectiveness of groups and organizations.
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Personal and situational characteristics affect leadership effectiveness.